Mixing-machine.



R. RADDATZ.

MIXING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4. I910. 1,25,12. Patented Mar. 12, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Witneswesx 1100610601 BJMMMW R. RADDATZ.

MIXING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4. 1910.

1 ,258, 1 2. Patented Mar. 12, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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R. RADDATZ.

MIXING MACHINE.

APPLICATION man JUNE 4. mo.

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trimmer-Macrame.

: Application filed June 4, 1910. serial No. 564,950.

To all whom it may concern: 1

Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Mixing- Machines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part thereof.

This invention relates to mixing machines adapted to mix concrete and like materials, and the objects of the invention are to improve mixing machines in the manner to be. hereinafter described and claimed.

The simplest, most practicable and one of the most eflicient forms for a mixing machine consists of a revoluble drum provided -on'its interior with means to agitate and mix materials introduced into said drum.

When materials such as a batch of sand, stone, cement and water, are to be mixed to form concrete, all of the ingredients should be thoroughly mixed,that is, the ingredients should be-thoroughly commingled and intermingled. The stone and the sand must be f by turning the mass over and over and separating it into parts or portions which are turned over and over, so that the more fluid portion can reachand will reach every part of the surface of the grains of sand and pieces of stone. A mere moving of the ingredients back and forth in a drum will not accomplish the desired result.

The stone and the sand must be turned over and over and preferably the more liquid parts of the batch should be dashed violently on the lessliquid parts so that the more liquid parts will be forced into the cracks and crevices between the stone and sand.

- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. is, rare.

"machine should be so constructed that one Be it known that I, RICHARD-Emma's,

a citizen of the United States, residing at section or portion of the batch is turned over or deposited against another portion of the batch during the mixing operation, so that homogeneity of the entire batch is assured. Such a. result can be obtained when the revoluble drum is supplied on its interior with an uneven number of flights to lift the material as will be described in this speci-' fication. and claimed. 5 Generally speaking, this invention pro- 'vides a mixing machine which mixes material such for example, as a batch for concrete, by'turning sections or portions of the batch over and over, and dashing or splash mgthe more liquid portions onto, through and upon the less liquid portions, so that the cement is thoroughly and uniformly mixed with the water and the stone and sand are thoroughly wetted on all surfaces with the liquid cement. No part of the batch is segregated and mixed by itself, on account of the use of an odd or uneven number of flights in the drum, and the resulting' concrete is a perfect concrete mixture consisting of a homogeneous fluid composed of cement and water which adheres to the entire surface of each grain of sand or piece of stone and fills all the cracks, holes and irregularities in the same, and completely fills all the interstices between the grains of sand and pieces of rock.

Referring to the. drawings which accompany this specification and forma part thereof, on which drawings the same reference characters are used to designate the same elements wherever they may appear in chine; Fig. 5 is an elevation of the discharge end of the machine shown by Fig. 4:, parts being broken away; and Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the course of the material in the machine with respect to the drum and the fli hts.

re er y the machine 1s made with a frustumshaped drum, but a cylindrical or other form of drum can be used without departing from my invention.

Referring specifically to the drawings, the reference numeral 1 designates a .frustumshaped drum provided with heads 2 and 3. The head 2 is provided with a substantially centrally located charging opening 4, and the head 3 is provided with a substaptially centrally located discharging opening 5. Preferably the heads 2 and 3 are provided with track ways 6 and 7, by which the drum is rotatably supported by the rollers 8, 9, 10 and 11, which are preferably secured to a frame 12. The heads 2 and 3 can be most conveniently formed by casting, and gear teeth 13 may be cast on one head, with which a gear wheel 14 can mesh for rotating the drum. The drum 1 is provided on.the interior thereof with an odd or uneven number of flights 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, WhlCh. extend in a generally radial direction toward the center of the drum, and extend longitudinally of the drum, but terminate short of one end of the drum, and preferably short of the discharge end of the drum. It is preferred that the flights 15. 16, 17, 18 and 19 contact with the head-2 of the drum, so as to make a substantially tight joint therewith.

Preferably the flights curve downwardly with respect to the horizontal on the ascending side of the drum, and the curve is preferably more pronounced for say, the last third of their lengths away from the head 2. The flights may also be curved somewhat transversely, and preferably at their free ends they are decidedly curved so as to provide upstanding lips 20, to prevent the more fluid portions of the batch from spilling over the edges of the flights near the discharge ends thereof, for a purpose to be presently explained.

Spoons 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 are secured in any suitable manner on the interior of the drum 1, and these spoons are inclined onthe ascending side of the drum in the opposite direction to the direction of inclination of the flights 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19. These spoons project out from head 3 under the free ends of the flights, as clearly shown by Fig. 1 of the drawings, so as to receive material discharged over the free ends of said flights, and the axis of curvature of said spoons is so inclined with respect to the vertical that material discharged from said spoons is shot back directly across the path of material falling from the. edges of the flights. The inclination of the spoons I is such as to shoot the material falling therefrom approximately to the head 2 of the drum at the bottom of the drum.

The operation of the machine as thus far described, is as follows:

Material is introduced within the drum easers "to move toward the free edge of the flight to fall OE, and the more movable portions,

as for example, the more liquid portions, tend to flow down the flight longitudinally thereof because of the downward curve thereof, and as the drum is revolved, the less liquid portions carried by the flight drop oflt' over the edge of the flight, while the more liquid portions run down over the free end of the flight, being prevented from escaping over the side thereof by the upstanding lip 20, and flow into the spoon at the end of the flight, and are directed by said spoon back across the path of fall of the material falling from the edge of the flight, so that the more liquid portions are dashed violently against the falling less liquid portions, and against material in the bottom of the drum, whereby the less liquid portions of the material are thoroughly wetted on all surfaces thereof by the fluid cement.

Referring now to Figs. 4 and 5 of the I drawings, the reference numeral 26 designates a cylindrical drum provided with heads 27 and 28, which heads have track ways 29 and 30, by means of which the drum is revolubly mounted upon rollers which are supported by a frame 31. The head 29 is provided with a charging opening 32, and the head 28 is provided with a discharge opening 33. A gear 34 may be secured to the drum for revolving it, and the interior of the drum is provided with an odd or uneven number of flights 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39, and spoons therefor 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44, which are of the same style, character and arrangement as the flights and spoons already described in connection with the preferred form of construction. The flights 35, 36, 37 38 and 39 curve downwardly on the ascending side of the drum more sharply toward their free ends, and are provided adjacent their free ends withlips 45, which are upstanding on the ascending side of the drum, and the spoons 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44. are inclined downwardly and inwardly in the same manner and for the same purpose as the spoons 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25.

In order to discharge the concrete from the drum when it is thoroughly mixed, a chute 46 is provided, and as the chutes shown with both forms of drums are identisame reference characters will be used to designate their parts. The chute 4:6 is simply a trough which is rigidly supported at the descending side of the drum so as to be out of the path of material falling from flights on the ascending side of the drum.

' By swinging the chute more or less into the path of the falling material, the rate of discharge of the material by the chute can be regulated so as to prevent waste when filling wheelbarrows or. other receptacles.

The principle of mixing in a drum provided with an uneven or odd number of flights, is as follows:

The flights form pockets within the drum, and as the drum is revolved in the direction indicated by the arrow, Fig. 6, the material lying against the lower side of the drum will slide downwardly until ,it is arrested by a flight. As the drum rotates the flight will carry the material with it up the ascending side of the drum, (the flights being considered as radially disposed within a cylinder the axis of which is horizontal, for the purpose of making the explanation perfectly clear), and the surface part of the material will be constantly shifting with a tendency to fall over the edge of the flight because the angle at which it lies is continually varying, so that it does not lie in a state of repose, and eventually, when the flight has risen so that it makes an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal, or a little over, all of the material will have dropped off, and taking a single article, for example, the course of said particle will be as indicated by the lines marked A, Fig. 6. That is to say, a single particle would pass into each and every pocket formed by the flights, while the drum is being revolved. The effect of such .a

course of traveling in the drum is that the material bein mixed, passes into each and every pocket instead of traveling through a path which includes only a part of the pockets with the result that the batch may be divided into two or more parts or sections which travel back and forth independently of each other and are never brought together and mixed the one with the other). When such a mixing machine is charged with a batch of materials adapted to the capacity of themachine, as the drum is revolved in the direction indicated by the arrow, Fig. 6. material passes from one pocket to the next succeeding pocket before a flight has reached an elevation, say forty-five degrees or a trifle over, at which it will spill the material carried up on it, so that the course of, the matechlne by reference to Fig. 6, itwill readily, be seen that no part or portion of the batch is segregated from the rest of the-batch, but;

that as the drum is revolved, parts of the .batch are turned over and flow over onto other parts of the batch, the result being that the batch is thoroughly mixed by the parts and particles thereof'being thoroughly commingled and intermingled.

f The function of the spoons is to receive from the flights the more liquid portions of the batch during the first part of the. mixing operation, and discharge them or shoot them violently back through and against the less liquid portions of the batch as they fall from the flights, thereby thoroughly wetting the less liquid portions of the batch in a manner which will be readily understood, and .of course the more liquid portions of the batch discharged from the spoons against material on the bottom of the drum,

will be forced into all the cracks, crevices and interstices of that part of the material,

thereby thoroughly wetting that part of the material.

The spoons may be made separate from the flights, audit is preferred to'make them so, as shown by the drawings, but they may be made as a continuation or a part of'the flights, without departing from my invention. Preferably, the drum is made 'frustum-shaped, as before stated, and its bottom is inclined downwardly toward the discharge end of the drum, so that water which may be thrown into the drum to wash it out will flow to the discharge end of the drum so as to be picked up by spoons and emptied into the discharge chute 46; The angles which the bottoms of the spoons make with respect to the horizontal are such that the bottoms of the spoons incline downwardly toward the discharge end of the drum until on the ascending side of the drum they reach such a position that they will spill their contents into chute 46. This is an important feature of my invention, as it enables me to discharge all of the material in the drum and to thoroughly wash out the drum with water and discharge the water therefrom.

. I prefer, as before stated, to use a drum which is frustum-shaped and which has the discharging opening in the larger end of the drum, for the reason that it enables me to use a discharge chute of the character illustrated and described, and the drum can be. charged through the discharging open-- I am aware that changes can be made in utilizing this invention without departing from the invention, but

What I claim is:

1. A mixing machine comprising a revoluble drum provided with elevating flights on the interior thereof which incline downwardly toward one end of the drum when on the ascending side of the drum and terminate short of that end of the drum, and elevating spoons at that end of the drum below the ends'of the flights and inclined at their discharging ends downwardly in a line extending both toward the other end of the drum and away from the circumference of the drum to deliver material re ceived from the flights backwardly against, through'and onto material falling over the edges of said flights; a

2. The combination in a mixing machine of a revoluble drum provided with flights on the interior thereof for elevating material to be mixed therein, said drum being provided with a discharge opening in one end, and said drum being frustum-shaped with its axis so inclined to the horizontal that the bottom of the drum is inclined downwardly with respect to the horizontal toward the discharging end of the drum, and Spoons arranged on the interior of said drum and at the discharge end thereof, adapted to elevate material within the drum on the ascending side thereof, and means to discharge the contents of said spoons outside of said drum, the bottoms of said spoons being inclined downwardly toward the discharge end of said drum on the ascending side thereof, until during the revolution of said drum they have been raised to a suficient height to discharge their contents into the means to discharge the contents of said spoons outside of said drum.

3. A mixing machine comprising a revoluble drum provided on the interior thereof with elevating flights inclined downwardly, and overhanging reversely inclined spoons pitched inwardly so as to deliver material received from the flights 'backwardly against, through and onto material falling over the edges of said flights.

4. A mixmg machine comprising a revoluble drum provided with elevating flights and spoons on the interior thereof, the flights extending in, general radial directions toward the axis of the drum to elevate material and permit it to fall over the ed es of the flights and the spoons arranged to ischarge material against and onto material falling from the flights.

In witness whereof 1 hereto aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

RICHARD RADDATZ.

Witnesses:

JOHN H. HU'RLEY, FRANK E. DENNn'r'r. 

